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2.6.1 Common notation for wind instruments

This section discusses notation common to most wind instruments.

References for wind instruments
Fingerings

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References for wind instruments

Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and tonguing:

• Breathing can be specified by rests or Respiri.
• Legato playing is indicated by Legature di portamento.
• Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to staccato are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined with slurs, see Articolazioni e abbellimenti and Elenco delle articolazioni.
• Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark and a text markup on the note. See Ripetizioni con tremolo.

Other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind instruments:

• Many wind instruments are transposing instruments, see Trasporto strumentale.
• Slide glissandi are characteristic of the trombone, but other winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See Glissando.
• Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as Abbellimenti.
• Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in Portamenti indeterminati discendenti (cadute) e ascendenti.
• Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the cross style of Teste di nota speciali.
• Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are shown by the flageolet articulation. See Elenco delle articolazioni.
• The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the stopped and open articulations. See Articolazioni e abbellimenti and Elenco delle articolazioni.
• Stopped horns are indicated by the stopped articulation. See Articolazioni e abbellimenti.

Frammenti di codice selezionati

Changing \flageolet mark size

To make the \flageolet circle smaller use the following Scheme function.

smallFlageolet =
#(let ((m (make-articulation "flageolet")))
   (set! (ly:music-property m 'tweaks)
         (acons 'font-size -3
                (ly:music-property m 'tweaks)))
   m)

\layout { ragged-right = ##f }

\relative c'' {
  d4^\flageolet_\markup { default size } d_\flageolet
  c4^\smallFlageolet_\markup { smaller } c_\smallFlageolet
}

Vedi anche

Notation Reference: Respiri, Legature di portamento, Articolazioni e abbellimenti, Elenco delle articolazioni, Ripetizioni con tremolo, Trasporto strumentale, Glissando, Abbellimenti, Portamenti indeterminati discendenti (cadute) e ascendenti, Teste di nota speciali,

Snippets: Winds.

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Fingerings

All wind instruments other than the trombone require the use of several fingers to produce each pitch. Some fingering examples are shown in the snippets below.

Woodwind diagrams can be produced and are described in Woodwind diagrams.

Frammenti di codice selezionati

Fingering symbols for wind instruments

Special symbols can be achieved by combining existing glyphs, which is useful for wind instruments.

centermarkup = {
  \once \override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
  \once \override TextScript.X-offset =#(lambda (g)
  (+ (ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent g)
     (ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self g)))
}

\score {
  \relative c'{
    g\open
    \once \override TextScript.staff-padding = #-1.0
    \centermarkup
    g^\markup {
      \combine
        \musicglyph #"scripts.open"
        \musicglyph #"scripts.tenuto"
    }
    \centermarkup
    g^\markup {
      \combine
        \musicglyph #"scripts.open"
        \musicglyph #"scripts.stopped"
    }
    g\stopped
  }
}

Recorder fingering chart

The following example demonstrates how fingering charts for wind instruments can be realized.

% range chart for paetzold contrabass recorder

centermarkup = {
  \once \override TextScript.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
  \once \override TextScript.X-offset =#(lambda (g)
  (+ (ly:self-alignment-interface::centered-on-x-parent g)
     (ly:self-alignment-interface::x-aligned-on-self g)))
}

\score {
  \new Staff \with {
    \remove "Time_signature_engraver"
    \omit Stem
    \omit Flag
    \consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
  }
  {
    \clef bass
    \set Score.timing = ##f
    f,1*1/4 \glissando
    \clef violin
    gis'1*1/4
    \stemDown a'4^\markup{1)}
    \centermarkup
    \once \override TextScript.padding = #2
    bes'1*1/4_\markup{\override #'(baseline-skip . 1.7) \column
      { \fontsize #-5 \slashed-digit #0 \finger 1 \finger 2 \finger 3 \finger 4
    \finger 5 \finger 6 \finger 7} }
    b'1*1/4
    c''4^\markup{1)}
    \centermarkup
    \once \override TextScript.padding = #2
    cis''1*1/4
    deh''1*1/4
    \centermarkup
    \once \override TextScript.padding = #2
    \once \override Staff.HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
    e''1*1/4_\markup{\override #'(baseline-skip . 1.7) \column
      { \fontsize #-5 \slashed-digit #0 \finger 1 \finger 2 \finger 4
    \finger 5} }\startGroup
    f''1*1/4^\markup{2)}\stopGroup
  }
}

Vedi anche

Notation Reference: Woodwind diagrams.

Snippets: Winds.

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